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$viewFile = '/home/nonisesh/www/swadrii/orelc/app/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'lesson' => array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '142', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => 'N002', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2> Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <strong>-O</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <strong>-NU</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant là)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (là-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'thumbnail' => null, 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => '', 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '481', 'date_created' => '2019-09-04 00:00:00', 'date_updated' => '2020-06-24 21:38:59', 'date_day_article' => '2020-03-29 23:01:37' ) ), 'authorizedEdition' => false, 'authorizedAccess' => false, 'isAdministrator' => false, 'expendedHeader' => null, 'isDesktop' => true, 'loggedIn' => null ) $lesson = array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '142', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => 'N002', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2> Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <strong>-O</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <strong>-NU</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant là)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (là-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'thumbnail' => null, 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => '', 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '481', 'date_created' => '2019-09-04 00:00:00', 'date_updated' => '2020-06-24 21:38:59', 'date_day_article' => '2020-03-29 23:01:37' ) ) $authorizedEdition = false $authorizedAccess = false $isAdministrator = false $expendedHeader = null $isDesktop = true $loggedIn = null $divider = '100%' $hasMedia = false $moduleName = 'demonstratives' $title = 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja' $currController = 'FrenchLessons' $currAction = 'getFirstLessonByModule'include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/lesson_viewer.php, line 35 include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp, line 1 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107
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$viewFile = '/home/nonisesh/www/swadrii/orelc/app/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp' $dataForView = array( 'lesson' => array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '142', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => 'N002', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2> Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <strong>-O</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <strong>-NU</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant là)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (là-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'thumbnail' => null, 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => '', 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '481', 'date_created' => '2019-09-04 00:00:00', 'date_updated' => '2020-06-24 21:38:59', 'date_day_article' => '2020-03-29 23:01:37' ) ), 'authorizedEdition' => false, 'authorizedAccess' => false, 'isAdministrator' => false, 'expendedHeader' => null, 'isDesktop' => true, 'loggedIn' => null ) $lesson = array( 'FrenchLesson' => array( 'id' => '142', 'module' => 'demonstratives', 'group' => 'demonstrative', 'type' => 'grammaire', 'state' => null, 'rank' => 'N002', 'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs', 'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja', 'author_name' => 'Nasser', 'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja', 'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales. Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.', 'content' => null, 'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div>', 'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs</h2> <p>Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms démonstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).</strong></p> <p>Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p> </div> <div class="box"> <h2>Les Démonstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2> Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degrés de démonstratifs :<br /> <ul> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif référent <strong>-O</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en français à l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">là</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de proximité <strong>-NU</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li> <li style="text-align: left;">Le démonstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong> qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est éloigné. Il correspond à l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">là-bas</span>.</li> </ul> <br /> <table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"> <tbody> <tr style="height: 10.9px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;"> <p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p> </td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Référence -O</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximité -NU</strong></span></td> <td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td> <td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td> </tr> <tr style="height: 17px;"> <td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td> <td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td> <td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td> <td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td> <td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <br /> <div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>À noter :</strong></span> Le démonstratif se place donc toujours après le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div> <p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve après l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant là)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (là-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains là <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p> </div>', 'content_html_fr' => null, 'thumbnail' => null, 'media_source' => null, 'audio_source' => '', 'video_source' => '', 'purchase_link' => null, 'publishing_house' => 'ORELC', 'authorization' => 'Public', 'active' => true, 'is_conversation' => true, 'licensed' => true, 'closed' => false, 'creator_id' => '36', 'editor_id' => '481', 'date_created' => '2019-09-04 00:00:00', 'date_updated' => '2020-06-24 21:38:59', 'date_day_article' => '2020-03-29 23:01:37' ) ) $authorizedEdition = false $authorizedAccess = false $isAdministrator = false $expendedHeader = null $isDesktop = true $loggedIn = null $divider = '100%' $hasMedia = false $moduleName = 'demonstratives' $title = 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja' $currController = 'FrenchLessons' $currAction = 'getFirstLessonByModule'include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/lesson_viewer.php, line 35 include - APP/View/FrenchLessons/get_first_lesson_by_module.ctp, line 1 View::_evaluate() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 971 View::_render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 933 View::render() - CORE/Cake/View/View.php, line 473 Controller::render() - CORE/Cake/Controller/Controller.php, line 968 Dispatcher::_invoke() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 200 Dispatcher::dispatch() - CORE/Cake/Routing/Dispatcher.php, line 167 [main] - APP/webroot/index.php, line 107
Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs (ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.), et aux pronoms démonstratifs (celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).
Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.
Actuellement 61 leçons (dont 16 sur les discussions et le vocabulaire ),et 63 exercices sont à disposition.