Cours en comorien · ORELC

Les démonstratifs

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			'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs',
			'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja',
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			'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja',
			'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales.
Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.',
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<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>',
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<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2>
Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degr&eacute;s de d&eacute;monstratifs :<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif r&eacute;f&eacute;rent <strong>-O</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de proximit&eacute; <strong>-NU</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche.&nbsp;Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est &eacute;loign&eacute;. Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;-bas</span>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 10.9px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;">
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>R&eacute;f&eacute;rence -O</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximit&eacute; -NU</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td>
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<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td>
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<br />
<div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>&Agrave; noter :</strong></span> Le d&eacute;monstratif se place donc toujours apr&egrave;s le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div>
<p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve apr&egrave;s l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant l&agrave;)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (l&agrave;-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains l&agrave; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p>
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		'module' => 'demonstratives',
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		'state' => null,
		'rank' => 'N002',
		'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs',
		'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja',
		'author_name' => 'Nasser',
		'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja',
		'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales.
Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.',
		'content' => null,
		'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>',
		'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2>
Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degr&eacute;s de d&eacute;monstratifs :<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif r&eacute;f&eacute;rent <strong>-O</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de proximit&eacute; <strong>-NU</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche.&nbsp;Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est &eacute;loign&eacute;. Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;-bas</span>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 10.9px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;">
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>R&eacute;f&eacute;rence -O</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximit&eacute; -NU</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>&Agrave; noter :</strong></span> Le d&eacute;monstratif se place donc toujours apr&egrave;s le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div>
<p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve apr&egrave;s l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant l&agrave;)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (l&agrave;-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains l&agrave; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p>
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			'state' => null,
			'rank' => 'N002',
			'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs',
			'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja',
			'author_name' => 'Nasser',
			'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja',
			'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales.
Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.',
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<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>',
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<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
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<div class="box">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2>
Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degr&eacute;s de d&eacute;monstratifs :<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif r&eacute;f&eacute;rent <strong>-O</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de proximit&eacute; <strong>-NU</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche.&nbsp;Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est &eacute;loign&eacute;. Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;-bas</span>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 10.9px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;">
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>R&eacute;f&eacute;rence -O</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximit&eacute; -NU</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td>
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<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>&Agrave; noter :</strong></span> Le d&eacute;monstratif se place donc toujours apr&egrave;s le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div>
<p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve apr&egrave;s l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant l&agrave;)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (l&agrave;-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains l&agrave; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p>
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$lesson = array(
	'FrenchLesson' => array(
		'id' => '142',
		'module' => 'demonstratives',
		'group' => 'demonstrative',
		'type' => 'grammaire',
		'state' => null,
		'rank' => 'N002',
		'chapter' => 'Les démonstratifs',
		'title' => 'Les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja',
		'author_name' => 'Nasser',
		'dialect' => 'shiNgazidja',
		'description' => 'Prérequis : Avoir compris le module des classes nominales.
Objectif : Connaitre les 3 degrés de distanciation des démonstratifs du shiNgazidja et leur accord de classe.',
		'content' => null,
		'preview' => '<div class="box infos_examples">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>',
		'content_html' => '<div class="box infos_examples">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs</h2>
<p>Les D&eacute;monstratifs sont des mots qui sont destin&eacute;s &agrave; montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en fran&ccedil;ais aux adjectifs d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.)</strong>, et aux pronoms d&eacute;monstratifs <strong>(celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-l&agrave;, ceux-l&agrave; ... etc).</strong></p>
<p>Voyons les d&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja.</p>
</div>
<div class="box">
<h2>Les D&eacute;monstratifs du shiNgazidja</h2>
Le shiNgazidja compte 3 degr&eacute;s de d&eacute;monstratifs :<br />
<ul>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif r&eacute;f&eacute;rent <strong>-O</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose que l'on peut toucher. Il correspond en fran&ccedil;ais &agrave; l'adverbe de lieu ou de temps <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de proximit&eacute; <strong>-NU</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose d'assez proche.&nbsp;Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">ici</span>.</li>
<li style="text-align: left;">Le d&eacute;monstratif de distance <strong>-LA</strong>&nbsp;qui montre quelqu'un ou quelque chose qui est &eacute;loign&eacute;. Il correspond &agrave; l'adverbe <span style="font-weight: bold;">l&agrave;-bas</span>.</li>
</ul>
<br />
<table style="height: 208px; width: 100%; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 10.9px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 10.9px; background-color: #ebebeb; text-align: center;">
<p><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><em><strong>Cl.</strong></em></span></p>
</td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Nom</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>R&eacute;f&eacute;rence -O</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Proximit&eacute; -NU</strong></span></td>
<td style="background-color: #ebebeb; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;"><strong>Distance -LA</strong></span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">1</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic;">2</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mndru</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Wandru</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wawo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">oyi</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ola</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">wala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">3</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">4</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mhono</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Mihono</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">5</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">6</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Gari</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Magari</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lilo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yayo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">linu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">lila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">yala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">7</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">8</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Hiri</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Ziri</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">isho</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shinu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">shila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">9</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">10</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Nguo</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iyo</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">izo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">inu</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zinu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ila</span><br style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: medium;" /><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">zila</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">11</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Uso</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">uwo</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">unu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">ula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">16</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">Pvahanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvapvo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvanu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">pvala</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: center; width: 33px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">17</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 64px;"><span style="font-size: medium; font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Ɗahoni</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 137.4px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">iho</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 98.6px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hunu</span></td>
<td style="background-color: whitesmoke; text-align: left; width: 146px;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">hula</span></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px;">
<td style="width: 33px; height: 17px; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium; font-style: italic; text-align: start;">18</span></td>
<td style="width: 64px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif;">Malahoni</span></td>
<td style="width: 137.4px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">imo</span></td>
<td style="width: 98.6px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">munu</span></td>
<td style="width: 146px; height: 17px; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'times new roman', times, serif; font-size: medium;">mula</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<br />
<div><span style="color: #800000;"><strong>&Agrave; noter :</strong></span> Le d&eacute;monstratif se place donc toujours apr&egrave;s le nom, mais le sens de la phrase change selon sa position avec l'adjectif qualificatif.</div>
<p class="infos_examples" style="margin: 0;"><span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"><strong><em>Par e</em></strong><strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">xemple lorsque le demonstratif se trouve apr&egrave;s l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong></span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana mwema <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>oyi</strong></span>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ce</span> bel enfant l&agrave;)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono mile <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">ila</span></strong>. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> longues mains (l&agrave;-bas))</em></span><br /> <br /> <strong><em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Lorsque le demonstratif se trouve entre le nom et l'adjectif qualificatif :</em></strong><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emwana <strong><span style="color: #3366ff;">oyi</span> </strong>mwema. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Cet</span> enfant <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">est </span>beau)</em> </span><br /> <span style="font-family: verdana, geneva, sans-serif;"> <em style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Emihono <span style="color: #3366ff;"><strong>ila</strong> </span>mile. (<span style="color: #3366ff;">Ces</span> mains l&agrave; <span style="text-decoration: underline; color: #3366ff;">sont </span>longues)</em></span></p>
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Les Démonstratifs

Les Démonstratifs sont des mots qui sont destinés à montrer directement quelqu'un ou quelque chose. Ils correspondent en français aux adjectifs démonstratifs (ce, ces, cet(te), ceci, cela ...etc.), et aux pronoms démonstratifs (celui-ci, ceux-ci, celui-là, ceux-là ... etc).

Voyons les démonstratifs du shiNgazidja.

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Les démonstratifs

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